Poster presented at the virtual conference of the Association for Personality Research (ARP), July 16, 2021.

For a more detailed critique, see “Why most cross-lagged-panel models are false” (R-Index, August, 22, 2020).

References

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Hamaker, E. L., Kuiper, R. M., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2015). A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychological Methods, 20(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038889

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Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.695

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